![]() ![]() Essentially, it’s the Internet Explorer of electromagnetic waves. This means that ELF is mostly used to establish other forms of two-way communication with submarines. The biggest problem with using this form of communication is background noise there is a low signal-to-noise ratio, coupled with the fact that you’re only sending a few characters per minute. ELF signals meant for Russian submarines were once picked up in Antarctica, which means that once an ELF transmission is out there, it’s really ‘out there’. Transmission from these waves can be detected pretty much anywhere. There’s actually a 28-mile long ELF antenna in Michigan! Fortunately, they’re not pointing up towards the sky they are wires laid out along wooden poles, similar to a power line. A typical ELF antenna can be several miles long, owing to the gigantic wavelengths and low frequencies in question. Furthermore, the correspondence only goes one way, as submarines themselves cannot host transmission antennas large enough to beam ELF waves back. ![]() As the transmission rate for ELF communication is really low, only a few characters can be sent at a time. Coincidentally, the United States, Russia and India are the only countries that have developed ELF communication facilities. However, ELF waves are able to penetrate the murky depths of the sea, so they’re used by the US, Soviet and Indian Navies to communicate with submarines. Submarines that operate in deep waters are typically unreachable through traditional radio waves, as sea water is electrically conductive, effectively shielding submarines from these higher frequency waves. In fact, the last one, large bodies of water, gives ELF waves a rather interesting usage for those of us on the planet (or beneath the waves) – communication between submarines! Unlike mechanical waves that require a medium in order to transport their energy, electromagnetic waves are capable of transporting energy through the vacuum of. ELF waves laugh in the face of walls, trees and even giant bodies of water as they pass right through them, as though they aren’t even there. They can propagate through almost any substance, which gives them a huge scope in terms of how far they reach. Electromagnetic waves with shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies include ultraviolet light, X-rays, and gamma rays. The earth’s diameter, in comparison, is only 12,742 kilometers (7,917.5 mi). A frequency this low almost guarantees that these waves will have some quirky qualities – and they do! ELF wavelengths range from 100,000 to 10,000 kilometers in size. Extremely Low Frequency waves are those with a frequency from 3Hz to 30Hz. ![]()
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